Yintoni isikhululo sesiseko
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindaba ezinje bezisoloko zivela ngamanye amaxesha:
Abanini beendawo zokuhlala baphikisana nokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zeziseko baza basika iintambo ze-optical ngasese, kwaye abaqhubi abathathu abaphambili basebenzisana ukudiliza zonke izikhululo zeziseko epakini.
Kwanabemi abaqhelekileyo, namhlanje, xa i-intanethi yeselula ifikelele kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, baya kuba nengqiqo eqhelekileyo: imiqondiso yefowuni ephathwayo ikhutshwa zizikhululo zesiseko. Ngoko ke ibukeka njani isikhululo sesiseko?
Inkqubo epheleleyo yesikhululo sesiseko yenziwe yi-BBU, i-RRU kunye nenkqubo ye-antenna feeder (i-antenna).
Phakathi kwazo, i-BBU (i-Base band Unite, iyunithi yokucubungula i-baseband) sesona sixhobo siphambili kwisikhululo sesiseko. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwa kwigumbi lekhompyutha elifihliweyo kwaye ayinakubonwa ngabahlali abaqhelekileyo. I-BBU inoxanduva lokucubungula imiqondiso kunye nedatha yenethiwekhi eyintloko kunye nabasebenzisi. Iiprotokholi kunye ne-algorithms ezintsonkothileyo kunxibelelwano lweselula zonke zisetyenziswa kwi-BBU. Kunokuthiwa nesikhululo sesiseko yi-BBU.
Ngokwembono yembonakalo, i-BBU ifana kakhulu nebhokisi ephambili yekhompyutha yedeskithophu, kodwa eneneni, i-BBU ifana neseva ezinikeleyo (endaweni yokuba yi-host yekhompyutha enenjongo eqhelekileyo). Imisebenzi yayo ephambili yenziwa ngeentlobo ezimbini. Iibhodi zezitshixo zenziwa yibhodi yokulawula ephambili kunye nebhodi ye-baseband.
Umfanekiso ongasentla yifreyimu ye-BBU. Kuyabonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho izithuba ezi-8 ezifana needrowa kwifreyimu ye-BBU, kwaye ibhodi yokulawula ephambili kunye nebhodi ye-baseband zinokufakwa kwezi zithuba, kunye nefreyimu ye-BBU Kufuneka kufakwe iibhodi zokulawula eziphambili kunye neebhodi ze-baseband, ngokuyintloko kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomthamo wesitishi sesiseko esiza kuvulwa. Okukhona kufakwa iibhodi ezininzi, kokukhona kufakwa umthamo wesitishi sesiseko, kwaye kokukhona baninzi abasebenzisi abanokukhonzwa ngaxeshanye.
Ibhodi yokulawula ephambili inoxanduva lokucubungula i-signaling (RRC signaling) evela kwinethiwekhi engundoqo kunye nefowuni ephathwayo yomsebenzisi, inoxanduva lokunxibelelana kunye nokunxibelelana nenethiwekhi engundoqo, kwaye inoxanduva lokufumana ulwazi lokuvumelanisa i-GPS kunye nolwazi lokubeka indawo.
I-RRU (i-Remote Radio Unit) yayibekwe ekuqaleni kwisakhelo se-BBU. Yayibizwa ngokuba yi-RFU (i-Radio Frequency Unit). Isetyenziselwa ukuguqula isignali ye-baseband edluliselwa kwibhodi ye-baseband nge-optical fiber ibe yi-frequency band ephethwe ngumsebenzisi. Isignali ye-high-frequency idluliselwa kwi-antenna nge-feeder. Kamva, ngenxa yokuba ilahleko yokudluliselwa kwe-feeder ifunyenwe inkulu kakhulu, ukuba i-RFU ifakwe kwisakhelo se-BBU kwaye ibekwe kwigumbi lomatshini, kwaye i-antenna ixhonywe kwinqaba ekude, umgama wokudluliselwa kwe-feeder ude kakhulu kwaye ilahleko inkulu kakhulu, ngoko ke khupha nje i-RFU. Sebenzisa i-optical fiber (ilahleko yokudluliselwa kwe-optical fiber incinci) ukuxhoma kwinqaba kunye ne-antenna, ukuze ibe yi-RRU, eyiyunithi yerediyo ekude.
Okokugqibela, i-antenna ebonwa ngumntu wonke rhoqo ezitalatweni nakwiindlela zesixeko yi-antenna edlulisela isignali engenazingcingo. Okukhona iiyunithi ze-transceiver ezizimeleyo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ze-LTE okanye i-antenna ye-5G, kokukhona imijelo yedatha ingathunyelwa ngaxeshanye, kwaye kokukhona izinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha liphezulu.
Kwi-antenna ze-4G, iiyunithi ze-transceiver ezizimeleyo ezifikelela kwi-8 zinokufezekiswa, ngoko ke kukho ii-interfaces ezi-8 phakathi kwe-RRU kunye ne-antenna. Ii-interfaces ezi-8 phantsi kwe-RRU enezitishi ezi-8 zingabonakala ngokucacileyo kumfanekiso ongasentla, ngelixa umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa. Yi-antenna enezitishi ezi-8 enezitishi ezi-8.
Ii-interfaces ezisi-8 kwi-RRU kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe kwii-interfaces ezisi-8 kwi-antenna ngokusebenzisa ii-feeders ezisi-8, ngoko ke ingxolo yeengcingo ezimnyama inokubonwa rhoqo kwipali ye-antenna.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-01-2021