MK5GC
Inkcazo emfutshane:
Imveliso ye-MK5GC yimveliso yenethiwekhi esisiseko ye-5G elula esekwe kwiprotocol esemgangathweni ye-3GPP. Le mveliso isebenzisa uyilo lwe-SBA microservice ukufezekisa ukwahlukana okupheleleyo kwemisebenzi ye-network element (NE) kunye nemisebenzi yehardware, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiiseva ezahlukeneyo zelifu kunye ne-x86. I-MK5GC inokunceda abasebenzisi benethiwekhi yabucala ukuba bakhe inethiwekhi esisiseko ye-5G ngokukhawuleza, ngokuguquguqukayo nangokufanelekileyo ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, ukuhlangabezana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo sabasebenzisi benethiwekhi yabucala, kunye nokunceda abasebenzisi benethiwekhi yabucala ukuba benze idijithali kwaye batshintshe ngobuchule.
Iinkcukacha zeMveliso
Iithegi zeMveliso
Intshayelelo
Intshayelelo yeMveliso
Imveliso ye-MK5GC yimveliso yenethiwekhi esisiseko ye-5G elula esekwe kwiprotocol esemgangathweni ye-3GPP. Le mveliso isebenzisa uyilo lwe-SBA microservice ukufezekisa ukwahlukana okupheleleyo kwemisebenzi ye-network element (NE) kunye nemisebenzi yehardware, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiiseva ezahlukeneyo zelifu kunye ne-x86. I-MK5GC inokunceda abasebenzisi benethiwekhi yabucala ukuba bakhe inethiwekhi esisiseko ye-5G ngokukhawuleza, ngokuguquguqukayo nangokufanelekileyo ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, ukuhlangabezana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo sabasebenzisi benethiwekhi yabucala, kunye nokunceda abasebenzisi benethiwekhi yabucala ukuba benze idijithali kwaye batshintshe ngobuchule.
Uyilo lwenethiwekhi oluxhaswayo ngoku luboniswe kumfanekiso ongezantsi:
Umfanekiso 1 Umzobo woyilo lwenkqubo ye-MK5GC
Zonke iindlela zokunxibelelana phakathi kwezinto zenethiwekhi zisetyenziswa ngokungqinelana nomgangatho we-3 GPP.
Inkcazo yokusebenza
Iimpawu zemveliso kunye nemisebenzi yeshishini
Iimpawu zemveliso
• Uyilo lwe-SBA microservice olusekelwe kwi-3GPP
• Ukusasazwa kwesikhongozeli se-cloud virtualization kungasetyenziswa
• Uthungelwano oluzimeleyo loMzantsi Afrika
• Ukwahlulwa kwe-CU
• Inkxaso yokusika inethiwekhi
• Ixhasa ukusasazwa okuphakathi kunye nokusasazwa
• Inkxaso yokutshona komsebenzi wenethiwekhi
• Ukutshintsha inkxaso
• Inkxaso yelizwi iVoNR, umyalezo omfutshane
Umsebenzi weshishini
➢ Umphezulu wolawulo: Ukubethela kunye nokususa ukubethela kwe-5G yokuqinisekiswa, ubhaliso, ukususa ubhaliso, ukupeyinta, isicelo seshishini, Ukukhululwa, ulawulo lolwazi lomsebenzisi, umda wokuhamba, umda wendawo, ukusekwa kweseshoni, ukuguqulwa kunye nokukhululwa, ukukhethwa kwe-UPF, ukutshintsha, ilizwi kunye nemiyalezo emifutshane.
➢ Umphezulu wedatha: uxhasa ukuchongwa kwephakheji enamaleko amathathu kunye namacala amane kunye nokudluliselwa kwemithetho, ulawulo lokuhamba olusekwe kwi-gating kunye ne-QoS, ulawulo lweseshoni ye-PFCP, ingxelo yokusetyenziswa kunye nezibalo kunye neminye imisebenzi.
➢ Ujongano lwenkxaso Ngokusekelwe kwinkxaso esemgangathweni ye-3GPP,
I-N1 / N2 / N3 / N4 / N5 / N6 / N7 / N8 / N9 / N10 / N11 / N12 / N13 / N14 / N15 / N22 / N26, Ixhasa ujongano lwenkonzo olusekelwe kwi-SBI, olunokuhlangabezana nokusasazwa okuzimeleyo okanye okudibeneyo kwento nganye yenethiwekhi.
Uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwemisebenzi
| umsebenzi | umsebenzi ongaphantsi | inkcazo | Nokuba inkxasookanye hayi |
| Inkonzo | Ubhaliso lwenkonzo | inkxaso | |
| Ukucinywa kobhaliso lweenkonzo | inkxaso | ||
| Ukufunyanwa kwenkonzo | inkxaso | ||
| Uhlaziyo lwenkonzo | inkxaso | ||
| Ugunyaziso lwenkonzo | inkxaso | ||
| Isaziso sobhaliso lwemeko yenkonzo | inkxaso | ||
| ukhuseleko lonxibelelwano | I-AMF | Ubumfihlo bobuwena bomsebenzisi | inkxaso |
| Isatifikethi se-GAKA esi-5 | inkxaso | ||
| Isithintelo sobhaliso lwe-UE ngaphandle kweshishini le-5G elinesivumelwano | inkxaso | ||
| I-NAS yokukhusela ekuphindeni idlalwe | inkxaso | ||
| Ukhuseleko lokubola komgangatho wokutshintsha kwe-Xn | inkxaso | ||
| Ukutshintsha/ukuhambisa ubhaliso lwe-N2 Uhlaziya ukhetho lwe-algorithm yokukhusela i-NAS olutshintshwe yi-AMF | inkxaso | ||
| Ukuphathwa kwamandla okhuseleko lwe-UE akungasebenzi okanye angamkelekanga | inkxaso | ||
| Imo yokhuseleko ye-NAS, ingqibelelo, kunye nokhuseleko lokubethela | inkxaso | ||
| Tshintsha phakathi kwesitshixo esiyimfihlo kunye nengxoxo ye-algorithm | inkxaso | ||
| Ukuqinisekiswa kokufikelela kunye nenkxaso engaqhelekanga | inkxaso | ||
| Ukusasazwa ngokutsha kwe-5G GUTI | inkxaso | ||
| I-SMF | Eyona nto iphambili kumgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko lwe-interface yomsebenzisi | inkxaso | |
| I-SMF ijonga umgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko lojongano lomsebenzisi kwi-Xn switching | inkxaso | ||
| I-UPF | Ukhuseleko lobumfihlo bedatha yomsebenzisi we-N3 interface | inkxaso | |
| Ukhuseleko lokuthembeka kwedatha yomsebenzisi we-N3 interface | inkxaso | ||
| Idatha yomsebenzisi we-N3 interface ngokuchasene nokukhuselwa kokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona | inkxaso | ||
| Ukhuseleko lwedatha yomsebenzisi ye-N9 interface kwi-PLMN | inkxaso | ||
| Ujongano lwe-N4 lokukhusela idatha yokubonisa | inkxaso | ||
| Uqhagamshelo, ubhaliso, kunye nolawulo lokuhambahamba | Bhalisa / yiya ku bhalisa | Ubhaliso Lokuqala lwe-UE (i-SUCI) | inkxaso |
| Ubhaliso Lokuqala lwe-UE (5G-GUTI) | inkxaso | ||
| Uhlaziyo lobhaliso lokuhamba | inkxaso | ||
| Ubhaliso lwamaxesha athile | inkxaso | ||
| I-UE iqala ukurhoxiswa kobhaliso oluqhelekileyo | inkxaso | ||
| I-UE iqalisa ukucima ubhaliso | inkxaso | ||
| I-AMF iqalisa ukurhoxiswa kobhaliso | inkxaso | ||
| I-UDM iqalisa ukurhoxiswa kobhaliso | inkxaso | ||
| Ukususwa kobhaliso ngokungangqalanga | inkxaso | ||
| Isicelo senkonzo | Isicelo seshishini esiqalwe yi-UE, imeko yokungenzi nto | inkxaso | |
| Isicelo seshishini esiqalwe yi-UE, imeko yoqhagamshelwano | inkxaso | ||
| Kukho idatha ye-downlink kwicala lenethiwekhi, nto leyo ebangela isicelo senkonzo | inkxaso | ||
| Kukho isignali ye-downlink kwicala lenethiwekhi, ebangela isicelo senkonzo | inkxaso | ||
| Inkqubo yokukhululwa kwe-AN | Ukuhamba kokukhululwa kwe-AN okuqalwe yi-RAN | inkxaso | |
| Ukuhamba kokukhululwa kwe-AN okuqalwe yi-AMF | inkxaso | ||
| Ulawulo lolwazi lomsebenzisi | Isaziso sokuhlaziya ulwazi sisayinwe yi-AMF | inkxaso | |
| Isaziso sokuhlaziya ulwazi olusayinwe yi-SMF | inkxaso | ||
| I-AMF iqalisa inkqubo yokucoca | inkxaso | ||
| Uhlaziyo loqwalaselo | I-AMF iqalisa uhlaziyo loqwalaselo lwe-AMF | inkxaso | |
| I-AMF iqalisa uhlaziyo loqwalaselo lwe-UE initiate | inkxaso | ||
| Imiqathango yokuhambahamba | Uthintelo lweRAT | inkxaso | |
| Umda wendawo engavumelekanga | inkxaso | ||
| Isithintelo seNdawo yeNkonzo | inkxaso | ||
| Ulawulo lokufikeleleka | Ulawulo lokufikelela kwi-UE lukwimeko yokungasebenzi | inkxaso | |
| Imo ye-MICO | inkxaso | ||
| ulawulo lweseshoni | Ukusekwa kweseshoni | I-UE iqalise ukwakha iseshoni, ixhasa i-v4 / v6 / v4v6 | inkxaso |
| Uhlengahlengiso lweseshoni | Utshintsho lweseshoni yePDU | inkxaso | |
| I-UDM iqalise utshintsho kwiseshoni ye-PDU | inkxaso | ||
| I-PCF iqalise utshintsho kwiseshoni ye-PDU | inkxaso | ||
| Ukukhululwa kweseshoni | I-UE iqalise ukukhululwa kweseshoni | inkxaso | |
| Ukukhululwa kweseshoni kuqaliswe kwicala lenethiwekhi | inkxaso | ||
| Imo ye-SSC | Inkqubo yokuqondisa kwakhona i-anchor yeseshoni ye-PDC kwimo ye-SSC 2 | inkxaso | |
| Inkqubo yokuqondisa kwakhona i-anchor yeseshoni ye-PDU kwimodi ye-Multiple PDU session SSC 3 | inkxaso | ||
| Inkqubo yokuqondisa kwakhona i-anchor yeseshoni ye-PDU kwimodi ye-IPV6 multi-homing mode SSC mode 3 | inkxaso | ||
| Uhlengahlengiso lwe-ULCL uplink | Yongeza amanqaku e-anchor yeseshoni ye-PDU edibeneyo kunye namanqaku esebe le-ULCL | inkxaso | |
| Susa i-anchor yeseshoni ye-PDU edibeneyo kunye nenqaku lesebe le-ULCL | inkxaso | ||
| Guqula ii-anchors zeseshoni ezidibeneyo ze-ULCL kunye ne-PDU | inkxaso | ||
| Yongeza amanqaku ahlukeneyo ee-anchors zeseshoni ze-PDU kunye namanqaku esebe le-ULCL | inkxaso | ||
| Susa iindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-anchor yeseshoni ye-PDU kunye neendawo zesebe ze-ULCL | inkxaso | ||
| Guqula iindawo ezahlukeneyo zee-anchors zeseshoni ye-PDU kunye neendawo zesebe ze-ULCL | inkxaso | ||
| Umsebenzi we-LADN | Ukusekwa kweseshoni yenethiwekhi yedatha yendawo | inkxaso | |
| Ukukhululwa kweseshoni okubangelwe yi-UE eshiya indawo yenkonzo yenethiwekhi yasekuhlaleni | inkxaso | ||
| Ukuvalwa koqhagamshelo lomsebenzisi weseshoni yePDU okubangelwe yi-UE eshiya indawo yenkonzo yenethiwekhi yedatha yendawo | inkxaso | ||
| Ujongano lomsebenzisi weseshoni yePDU ukuze lusebenze | inkxaso | ||
| ukutshintsha | Ukutshintsha kwe-Xn | Ukutshintsha kwe-Xn, akukho ukuphinda utshintshe i-UPF | inkxaso |
| Ukutshintsha kwe-Xn, ukufaka i-I-UPF | inkxaso | ||
| Ukutshintsha kwe-Xn, phinda ulayishe i-I-UPF | inkxaso | ||
| Ukutshintsha i-N2 | Ukutshintsha i-N2, akukho kuphinda kusebenze i-UPF | inkxaso | |
| Ukutshintsha i-N2, ukuphinda utshintshe i-I-UPF | inkxaso | ||
| Ukutshintsha i-N2, ukuphinda utshintshe i-AMF | inkxaso | ||
| Ukusebenzisana kwe-4G/5G | Iswitshi ye-4G/5G | Ukusuka kwi-5G ukuya kwi-4G | inkxaso |
| umyalezo wesikhundla | Inkqubo yengxelo yendawo | inkxaso | |
| ulawulo lweqhinga | Ulawulo lwesicwangciso se-AM | Ukusekwa kwemibutho yomgaqo-nkqubo ye-AM | inkxaso |
| Ukuguqulwa kwemibutho yomgaqo-nkqubo we-AM | inkxaso | ||
| Ukuphela kombutho womgaqo-nkqubo we-AM | inkxaso | ||
| Ulawulo lwesicwangciso se-SM | Ukusekwa kwemibutho yomgaqo-nkqubo we-SM | inkxaso | |
| Ukuguqulwa kwemibutho yomgaqo-nkqubo we-SM | inkxaso | ||
| Ukuphela kombutho wepolisi ye-SM | inkxaso | ||
| Isilayi senethiwekhi | Ukusasazwa kwesilayi | inkxaso | |
| Ukususwa kwesilayi | inkxaso | ||
| Ukukhetha isilayi | Ukukhethwa kweziqwenga zokuqala ezibhalisiweyo | inkxaso | |
| Ukudluliselwa kwenye indawo phakathi kwe-AMF, ngokwesilayi | inkxaso | ||
| Ukukhethwa kwesilayi sokuqaliswa kweseshoni yePDU | inkxaso | ||
| Lungiselela izilayi eziza kuhanjiswa kwinkqubo entsha | inkxaso | ||
| Umsebenzi womphezulu wedatha | Ukuchongwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwenkonzo | Imithetho enamanqanaba amathathu ichonga kwaye idlulisele phambili i-IPv4 | inkxaso |
| Imithetho enamanqanaba amathathu ichonga kwaye idlulisele phambili i-IPv6 | inkxaso | ||
| Imithetho enamaleko amane ichonga kwaye idlulisele phambili | inkxaso | ||
| Ukuchongwa kweprotocol ye-HTTP | inkxaso | ||
| Ukuchongwa kweprotocol ye-DNS, FTP, kunye ne-MQTT | inkxaso | ||
| Ucalucalulo lwe-URL | inkxaso | ||
| Utshintsho lwenkonzo | Ukutshintshwa kwenkonzo phantsi kwe-ULCL | inkxaso | |
| Utshintsho lwenkonzo phantsi kwe-Multi-homing | inkxaso | ||
| Isiphelo semaki | Iswitshi, i-UPF ayitshintshi, i-UPF ithumela ipakethi yophawu lwesiphelo ngokwemiyalelo ye-SMF | inkxaso | |
| Tshintsha, utshintsha i-UPF, i-UPF ithumela ipakethi yophawu lokuphela ngokwemiyalelo ye-SMF | inkxaso | ||
| I-cache yedatha | I-UPF downlink data cache njengoko iboniswe yi-SMF | inkxaso | |
| Ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso | I-UPF ifumana kwaye izalisekisa imithetho yokuvala ekhutshwe yi-SMF | inkxaso | |
|
| I-UPF ifumana kwaye izalisekisa imithetho yeQoS ekhutshwe yi-SMF | inkxaso | |
| Umbutho we-N4 | Ukusekwa, ukuhlaziywa, ukukhululwa, kunye nokufunyanwa kwentliziyo ye-N4 | inkxaso | |
| Iseshoni ye-N4 | Ukusekwa, ukuhlaziywa, kunye nokukhutshwa kweeseshoni ze-N4 | inkxaso | |
| Ingxelo yenqanaba leseshoni ye-N4 interface | Ingxelo yokusetyenziswa | inkxaso | |
| Ingxelo yokuchongwa kwetrafikhi | inkxaso | ||
| Ingxelo yedatha yesimo sokungenzi nto | inkxaso | ||
| Ingxelo yomsebenzi weseshoni yePDU | inkxaso | ||
| Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nolawulo lokuhlawula | Ulawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lweseshoni | Umsebenzi wokuvala iingcango | inkxaso |
| Ulawulo kunye nokusebenza komgaqo-nkqubo we-QoS | inkxaso | ||
| Ukubopha kweQos Flow | inkxaso | ||
| Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lweseshoni oluqalwe yi-SMF | inkxaso | ||
| Ukuguqulwa komgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lweseshoni okuqalwe yi-PCF | inkxaso | ||
| Ukupheliswa komgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lweseshoni okuqalwe yi-SMF | inkxaso | ||
| Ulawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo wokufikelela kunye nokuhambahamba | Ukusekwa komgaqo-nkqubo wokufikelela kunye nokuhambahamba | inkxaso | |
| I-AMF iqalise utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wokufikelela kunye nokuhambahamba | inkxaso | ||
| I-PCF iqalise utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wokufikelela kunye nokuhambahamba | inkxaso | ||
| I-AMF iqalise ukupheliswa komgaqo-nkqubo wokufikelela kunye nokuhambahamba | inkxaso | ||
| Ulawulo lwentlawulo | iikowuta ezilawulwayo | inkxaso | |
| Ingxelo isekelwe kwizibalo zethrafikhi | inkxaso |
Ulawulo lwezinto zenethiwekhi
Ulawulo oludibeneyo lwe-NE, lunokuxhasa uqwalaselo lwe-NE, imeko ye-NE yombuzo, ukuqala kwakhona kwe-NE kunye neminye imisebenzi.
Umfanekiso 2 Ulwazi loqwalaselo lwe-AMF NE
Umfanekiso 3 Ulwazi loqwalaselo lwe-SMF NE
Umfanekiso 4 Ulwazi loqwalaselo lwe-UDM NE
Umfanekiso 5 Ulwazi loqwalaselo lwe-UPF NE
Umfanekiso 6 wesimo se-NE
Ingajonga inani lezikhululo ze-intanethi kunye ne-UE ngexesha langempela, kwaye inike ingqalelo kwi-CPU, imemori, idiski kunye nezinye iimeko ngexesha langempela.
Umfanekiso 7. Ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela
Imeko ye-UE ekwi-intanethi kunye nolwazi oluthile lunokubonwa ngexesha langempela.
Umfanekiso 8. Ulwazi lwe-UE olukwi-intanethi
Umbono wexesha langempela wemeko yesikhululo se-intanethi kunye nolwazi oluthile.
Umfanekiso 9. Ulwazi lwesikhululo se-intanethi
Ungajonga ulwazi lwezibalo ze-NE zokubonisana.
Umfanekiso 10 Izibalo ze-NE zokubonisa
Ungajonga izibalo zokuhamba ngexesha langempela.
Umfanekiso 11 Izibalo zoMsinga
Iinkcukacha
Inethiwekhi engundoqo elula okwangoku ineenkcazo ezine, izalathisi zezi zilandelayo.
Iimveliso ze-5GC ezincinci
| I-Miniature 5GC | |
| Inani eliphezulu lezikhululo zesiseko ezixhunyiweyo | 1-4 |
| Inani eliphezulu labasebenzisi abakwi-intanethi | 200 |
| imveliso yenkqubo | 1Gbps |
| Ukwenziwa kwezinto zibe zedijithali/ukufakwa kwiikhonteyina | Ukudibanisa okuthambileyo nokunzima |
| I-backup ephambili eyi-1 + 1 yokubuyisela kwimeko yentlekele | ukungaxhasi |
| Ukusasazwa okudibeneyo okanye okuzimeleyo | idibeneyo |
| Iinkcukacha zehardware | I-CPU ene-core 4 2.0G 8GB memory 256GB SSD, I-NIC ye-4*1G |
| amandla | Amandla ombane: 84W |
| ubungakanani bemveliso | 180×125×55 mm |
| ubushushu obugciniwe | Indawo esebenzayo: ubushushu bokugcina-20℃ ~70℃Ubushushu bokusebenza: -20℃ ~60℃ Ukufuma kokugcina: -40℃ ~80℃ Umswakama osebenzayo: 5% -95% umswakama ohambelanayo, akukho kufuma |
Umfanekiso 12 Izixhobo zemveliso ezincinci
Iimveliso ze-5GC ezincinci
| I-5GC encinci | |
| Inani eliphezulu lezikhululo zesiseko ezixhunyiweyo | 10 |
| Inani eliphezulu labasebenzisi abakwi-intanethi | 4000 |
| imveliso yenkqubo | 3Gbps |
| Ukwenziwa kwezinto zibe zedijithali/ukufakwa kwiikhonteyina | Ukudibanisa okuthambileyo nokunzima |
| I-backup ephambili eyi-1 + 1 yokubuyisela kwimeko yentlekele | ukungaxhasi |
| Ukusasazwa okudibeneyo okanye okuzimeleyo | idibeneyo |
| Iinkcukacha zehardware | IiCPU ezingama-20 Imisonto eyi-2.1G 8GB imemori eyi-500GB SSD, 2*10G NIC，2*1G NIC |
| amandla | Amandla ombane: 250W |
| ubushushu obugciniwe | Indawo esebenzayo: ubushushu bokugcina-20℃ ~70℃Ubushushu bokusebenza: -10℃ ~60℃ Ukufuma kokugcina: -40℃ ~80℃ Umswakama osebenzayo: 5% -95% umswakama ohambelanayo, akukho kufuma |
Umfanekiso 13 Izixhobo zezixhobo ezincinci ze-5GC
Imveliso ye-5GC ekhaphukhaphu
Ngokuxhomekeke kwizixhobo zehardware, kunokubakho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkcukacha ezixhaswayo.
| I-5GC ekhaphukhaphu | |
| Inani eliphezulu lezikhululo zesiseko ezixhunyiweyo | 50 |
| Inani eliphezulu labasebenzisi abakwi-intanethi | 10,000 |
| imveliso yenkqubo | 15Gbps |
| Ukwenziwa kwezinto zibe zedijithali/ukufakwa kwiikhonteyina | inkxaso |
| I-backup ephambili eyi-1 + 1 yokubuyisela kwimeko yentlekele | inkxaso |
| Ukusasazwa okudibeneyo okanye okuzimeleyo | inkxaso |
| Iinkcukacha zehardware | IiCPU ezingama-24 Imisonto eyi-2.1G, imemori eyi-16GB, i-500GB SSD, 2*25G NIC，2*1G NIC |
Ifomu yehardware inokuba yiseva esemgangathweni eyahlukileyo, okanye ukuthunyelwa kwe-virtualization kwiziko ledatha labucala.
Umfanekiso 14 Izixhobo zeseva eqhelekileyo jikelele
Imveliso eqhelekileyo ye-5GC
Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo ze-5GC zingafakwa ngokweemfuno zokwenyani, ezinje ngoomatshini ababonakalayo, izikhongozeli, okanye iiseva.
| Inani labasebenzisi abasebenzayo | inombolo yesiseko | Ukuphuma komphezulu wedatha | Imo yokusasazwa | Iseva okanye i-VM | iimfuno zehardware |
| 20K | 100 | 30Gbps | Ukusasazwa okudibeneyo okanye okwabiweyo | Iyunithi e-1 / ii-VM ezi-2 | I-36Core*2.2G, imemori ye-32G, i-2 * 1G, kunye ne-2 * 40 G NIC |
Ifomu yemveliso
Xhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso, ukuthunyelwa kweenkonzo ezizimeleyo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-virtualization (umatshini obonakalayo okanye isitya), ukuthunyelwa kwe-cloud host.
Ukusasazwa okuguquguqukayo ngokweemfuno zabathengi kunye nemeko yokwenyani.
Uphuhliso olusemgangathweni lojongano, lunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zabathengi, luguquguquke ukuze luhlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi.
Inkqubo yothungelwano
➢ Indlela yokusasazwa ebekwe kwindawo enye, kunye neenethiwekhi ezincinci ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezingabizi kakhulu.
➢ Imo eqhelekileyo yothungelwano, efanelekileyo kwiinethiwekhi ezincinci neziphakathi
